White Rock

The White Rock is one of the most consequential chicken breeds in American agricultural history, and also one of the most misunderstood by modern homestead keepers who encounter it. It began as a white-feathered sport that appeared occasionally in Barred Plymouth Rock flocks in Maine in the 1870s and 1880s, recognized as a distinct variety and admitted to the APA Standard of Perfection in 1888, and developed over the following decades into a breed with dual commercial identities that coexist uneasily to this day. On one hand, the heritage White Rock is a genuine and practical dual-purpose homestead breed: a large, calm, white-feathered bird that lays 200 to 280 large brown eggs per year, produces a well-muscled carcass of 7.5 to 9.5 pounds, begins laying at approximately 5 months of age, handles cold winters with the dense undercoat and yellow-skinned hardiness of its Plymouth Rock heritage, and carries the calm, curious, friendly temperament that has made the Plymouth Rock family one of the most consistently recommended beginners' choices in American poultry keeping. On the other hand, the commercial White Rock is the female parent line of the modern Cornish Cross broiler, the most widely produced meat chicken in the world, a bird so heavily selected over decades for rapid breast development and feed-to-weight conversion efficiency that the commercial strain and the heritage dual-purpose strain are functionally different animals sharing the same breed name and plumage. The distinction between these two strains matters enormously for homestead keepers who want the heritage dual-purpose White Rock rather than a commercial broiler parent line, and sourcing accordingly is one of the most important decisions a White Rock keeper makes. For the homestead keeper who sources heritage-strain White Rocks from verified dual-purpose breeding programs and provides the space, range access, and management that a large heritage breed requires, the White Rock delivers one of the most complete and historically significant dual-purpose packages in the American poultry tradition.

Quick Facts

• Class: American (APA)

• Weight: Roosters approximately 9.5 lbs; hens approximately 7.5 lbs

• Egg Production: Approximately 200 to 280 large brown eggs per year; 4 to 5 eggs per week; heritage strains toward higher end; commercial strains variable

• Egg Color: Brown; light to medium brown

• Egg Size: Large to extra-large

• Primary Purpose: Dual purpose; eggs and meat; also exhibition; commercial White Rocks serve as broiler female parent lines

• Temperament: Calm, curious, friendly, and easy to handle; comparable to Barred Plymouth Rock in temperament; good with children; low aggression

• Brooding: Occasional; some hens go broody and are attentive mothers; more broody than many production breeds

• Flight Capability: Low; body weight and calm disposition make sustained flight over standard fencing unlikely

• APA Recognition: 1888; American Class

• Country of Origin: United States; arose from Barred Plymouth Rock flocks in Maine approximately 1875 to 1884

• Varieties (APA): White is one of several Plymouth Rock color varieties; Barred, Buff, Silver Penciled, Partridge, Columbian, and Blue are the others

• Comb Type: Single comb; frostbite risk in hard winters requires management attention

• Distinctive Trait: Pure white plumage across the entire body; yellow legs, beak, and skin; the only large-bodied white-feathered American class dual-purpose heritage breed; foundational female parent line of the modern commercial broiler industry

• Conservation Status: Recovering (Livestock Conservancy); heritage dual-purpose strain specifically requires sourcing attention

• Lifespan: 6 to 10 years

Breed Overview

The Plymouth Rock as a breed began in Worcester, Massachusetts, in 1869, when D.A. Upham crossed pullets of Black Java ancestry with a dunghill cock carrying barred feathering and a single comb, culling the progeny severely and keeping only those with clean yellow legs and the barred feather pattern that would define the breed. The resulting Barred Plymouth Rock was exhibited at the Worcester poultry show in 1869, admitted to the first APA Standard of Perfection in 1874, and became what Mother Earth News would later call the Hereford of the poultry world, the most widely kept farm chicken in the United States from the late 19th century through World War II.

The White Rock variety arose from within the Barred Plymouth Rock flock rather than from deliberate crossbreeding. The white plumage gene is recessive in the Plymouth Rock, meaning that two Barred parents who each carry a hidden copy of the recessive white gene will occasionally produce white-feathered offspring. These white sports appeared periodically in Barred Rock flocks, and breeders who found them noticed that when two white birds were crossed, they reliably produced white offspring, since both parents carried only white plumage genes and had no dominant barring gene to mask them. A Mr. Frost of Maine was advertising White Rocks as early as 1884, and by 1888 the variety had been stabilized enough to earn APA recognition as a distinct variety.

The White Rock's development from 1888 onward followed two increasingly divergent paths that are central to understanding what a keeper is actually buying when they purchase White Rock chicks today. The heritage dual-purpose path maintained the White Rock as a large, productive farm bird with balanced egg and meat utility, cold hardiness, and the calm temperament characteristic of the Plymouth Rock family. This path produced the breed that small farms and homesteads kept through the late 19th and early 20th centuries as a primary source of both eggs and the family table bird.

The commercial path began in earnest with the Chicken of Tomorrow contests of 1948 and 1951, national competitions organized to develop a superior meat bird for the expanding postwar American poultry market. Henry Saglio of Arbor Acres Farm in Glastonbury, Connecticut, won the 1948 Chicken of Tomorrow contest with a pure line of White Plymouth Rocks selected specifically for muscular breast development, rapid growth, and feed conversion efficiency. His White Rock-derived stock became one of the foundational genetic contributions to the modern Cornish Cross broiler, crossed with Cornish cock genetics to produce the fast-growing, broad-breasted hybrid that today supplies essentially all commercial chicken meat in the United States. As Wikipedia notes, crosses of suitable strains of White Plymouth Rock with industrial strains of White Cornish constitute the principal stock of American broiler production.

The commercial selection pressure on White Rock genetics over the subsequent decades, selecting relentlessly for maximum breast development, rapid early growth, and feed efficiency at the expense of longevity, foraging ability, and balanced egg production, produced commercial White Rock strains that are significantly different from heritage dual-purpose strains. A keeper who purchases White Rock chicks from a source maintaining commercial broiler female parent line genetics receives a bird that may be visually identical to a heritage White Rock but performs differently on the homestead: faster early growth but poorer long-term production, less foraging efficiency, and less balanced dual-purpose utility than heritage strains selected for the full range of homestead performance across a longer productive life.

The heritage dual-purpose White Rock is on the Livestock Conservancy's Recovering list, indicating that dedicated breeders have brought the population back from lower numbers but that sourcing from verified heritage programs rather than generic commercial sources remains important for maintaining the genuine dual-purpose character of the breed.

Plumage and Appearance

The White Rock's plumage is its most immediately distinctive visual characteristic: pure white throughout the entire body, from crest to tail, with no barring, lacing, mottling, or color variation. The white is clean and even in a properly feathered adult bird, and the dense, soft undercoat that makes the breed particularly cold-hardy gives the plumage a full, slightly fluffy character that is more substantial than the tighter-feathered Mediterranean breeds.

The legs, beak, and skin are yellow, a characteristic of the American class breeds and a distinguishing feature from white-feathered breeds with dark or slate-colored legs. The yellow skin is a practical advantage at the table, where it is associated with the rich color and visual appeal that heritage breed meat buyers expect and that commercial broiler production has specifically bred for in the Cornish Cross cross. A White Rock rooster dressed for the table shows the yellow skin that makes heritage table birds visually distinctive from the pale-skinned commercial broilers in grocery store packaging.

The single comb is of medium size, upright and bright red in mature birds, with five distinct points. The comb, wattles, and earlobes are all red. Eyes are reddish bay. The body is large, broad-chested, and well-muscled, with the long, broad back and moderately deep full breast that the APA standard specifies for the Plymouth Rock family. The overall impression is of a substantial, solid bird that carries its weight well without the extreme breast development of commercial broiler strains.

One practical note for keepers who acquire White Rock chicks: the chicks hatch with fuzz that can range from white to smoky or darker shades rather than the clean white of the adult bird. This is normal in the variety and resolves as juvenile feathers grow in. Adult leg coloring may also show some darker shading in young birds that clears to the yellow standard as the birds mature.

Egg Production

The White Rock's egg production is one of its most practically useful characteristics and one of the areas where the heritage-versus-commercial strain distinction matters most. Heritage dual-purpose White Rock hens from programs maintained for balanced performance rather than commercial broiler parent genetics lay approximately 200 to 280 large brown eggs per year, with documented keeper accounts of 5 eggs per hen per week in good management conditions. Cackle Hatchery, which has maintained a White Plymouth Rock bloodline since 1937 with emphasis on dependable egg production alongside growth and temperament, documents production in this range from their strain.

Commercial White Rock strains selected primarily as broiler female parent lines may show different production characteristics, with some prioritizing early growth rate over sustained egg volume in ways that affect long-term homestead production performance. Sourcing specifically from hatcheries that document their White Rock strain's heritage dual-purpose character rather than commercial parent line genetics is the most reliable way to ensure the production figures associated with the heritage breed.

Early lay onset at approximately 5 months of age places the White Rock among the earlier-maturing heritage dual-purpose breeds, comparable to the Barred Plymouth Rock and the Black Australorp, and meaningfully earlier than the Black Jersey Giant or other slow-maturing large breeds. This early onset combined with the breed's size and production volume makes the White Rock one of the most quickly productive heritage investments for a keeper establishing a new dual-purpose flock.

The breed lays reliably through winter with some seasonal reduction but not the complete shutoff that lighter Mediterranean breeds sometimes experience in the shortest days. The dense undercoat and substantial body mass that contribute to the breed's cold hardiness also support more consistent winter production than breeds with less thermal mass.

Broodiness in the White Rock is occasional rather than frequent, similar to the Barred Plymouth Rock and the Plymouth Rock family generally. Some hens go broody and are described as attentive, protective mothers; others rarely or never commit to incubation. The breed is more broody than most production hybrids and Mediterranean layers but less reliably broody than the Silkie or Orpington. Keepers who want natural flock propagation should not build that expectation around White Rock hens as a primary mechanism but can expect some individuals in any flock to take on the broody role.

Meat Quality

The White Rock's meat quality is one of its defining practical characteristics and its most historically important contribution to American food production. The breed was selected from its earliest development for the broad, deep breast and yellow-skinned carcass that make it one of the best heritage meat birds available, and the heritage dual-purpose strain's balanced development produces a table bird that experienced homestead cooks consistently describe as genuinely superior in flavor and texture to commercial broiler production.

Roosters processed at 16 to 20 weeks from heritage strains produce fryer-weight carcasses at lighter weights with full flavor; roosters carried to heavier weights of 8 to 9.5 pounds at full maturity produce roasting birds comparable in size and quality to what traditional American farm cooking built its heritage around. The yellow skin, clean white feathering that leaves no dark pin feathers to complicate dressing, and the well-muscled breast of a properly raised heritage White Rock produce a table bird that stands clearly apart from commodity production in every sensory characteristic.

One important note on the meat side for keepers who want genuine heritage White Rock table birds: the commercial broiler parent line strains, while sharing the White Rock name and white plumage, may not produce the heritage meat quality associated with the dual-purpose breed. Commercial strains selected for rapid breast development and early processing weight rather than for balanced heritage utility produce different eating results than heritage strains. This is the same distinction that applies to any dual-purpose heritage breed when commercial production genetics have diverged significantly from the heritage standard.

Temperament and Behavior

The White Rock's temperament is one of the most consistently praised characteristics of the Plymouth Rock family and a primary reason the breed has remained recommended for beginning keepers across multiple generations of American poultry keeping. The breed is calm, curious, friendly, and easy to handle in a way that places it in the same general category as the Barred Plymouth Rock, the Black Australorp, and the Black Jersey Giant as among the most manageable large heritage breeds available.

Hens are docile and approachable, tolerating handling without significant alarm responses and becoming genuinely tame with regular gentle contact from young. The breed's curiosity expresses as an investigative interest in the keeper's activities rather than as the demanding attention-seeking of the Silkie or Sultan, making daily interaction pleasant without requiring special behavioral management. Roosters are described as calm and non-aggressive toward humans with more consistency than game-heritage or assertive production breeds, though individual variation always applies and socialization from young remains the most reliable factor in producing manageable adult roosters.

In mixed flocks the White Rock holds a moderate position, neither dominant bully nor vulnerable target, and integrates without significant tension alongside most heritage breeds of comparable size and temperament. The breed's large body size means smaller breeds may defer to it naturally without the White Rock needing to assert dominance actively.

The breed forages actively and covers range efficiently in a manner consistent with its Plymouth Rock heritage, contributing to feed cost savings on pasture and to pest control in gardens and homestead settings. The Livestock Conservancy notes that early Plymouth Rock breeders emphasized foraging ability as a practical utility criterion, and this character persists in well-maintained heritage strains.

Climate Adaptability

The White Rock's cold hardiness is one of its defining practical advantages and historically was a key reason for its adoption across the northern United States and New England where the breed developed. The dense, soft undercoat that is visible as a fuller, fluffier plumage profile compared to tighter-feathered breeds provides genuine thermal insulation during cold winters, and the breed's substantial body mass retains heat more effectively than smaller, lighter breeds. The White Rock handles North American winters across most regions adequately with standard dry, well-ventilated, wind-protected housing without supplemental heat.

The single comb is the primary cold-climate management consideration. The large upright comb presents meaningful frostbite risk during sustained hard freezes, particularly on roosters whose combs are larger than hens'. Standard preventive practice of petroleum jelly application to the comb points during cold snaps manages this risk effectively in most situations. Hen combs are smaller and present less risk under standard good-housing conditions.

Heat tolerance is good for a large-bodied breed. The white plumage absorbs less solar heat than the black plumage of the Black Australorp or the Black Jersey Giant, giving the White Rock a modest thermal management advantage in summer compared to dark-feathered breeds of similar size. Standard shade and cool water management handles summer heat adequately in most North American climates without special intervention.

Housing and Management

Standard large heritage breed housing requirements apply throughout. Four square feet of indoor floor space per bird minimum; the White Rock's substantial body size benefits from generous space rather than minimum compliance. Standard four-to-five-foot fencing contains the breed adequately given its low flight tendency and calm, ground-oriented character.

Roost bar placement is worth specific attention given the breed's body weight. Bars at heights above 24 to 30 inches create impact landing risk when birds jump or fly down from height, which over time contributes to bumblefoot and leg joint issues in large heavy breeds. Low roost bars at 18 to 24 inches with clean, dry landings beneath prevent most of the landing-impact management problems that affect large breeds.

Nest box sizing should accommodate a 7.5-pound hen comfortably, which standard nest boxes designed for smaller production breeds may not provide adequately. Appropriately sized nest boxes with clean, dry bedding support consistent laying and reduce floor egg production.

Feed management follows standard heritage dual-purpose guidelines: quality layer feed with 16 to 18 percent protein and free-choice oyster shell for calcium supplementation. The breed's active foraging on range supplements the feed ration meaningfully in season, and heritage dual-purpose strains forage more efficiently than commercial strains, contributing to practical feed cost reduction on managed range operations.

Sourcing Considerations

Sourcing the White Rock correctly is the most important practical decision a heritage keeper makes with this breed, because the commercial broiler parent line strains and the heritage dual-purpose strains share a name, a plumage color, and a breed classification while performing differently on the homestead in terms of production longevity, foraging efficiency, egg production sustainability, and balanced dual-purpose utility.

Cackle Hatchery has maintained a White Plymouth Rock bloodline specifically since 1937 with documented emphasis on heritage dual-purpose performance rather than commercial broiler parent line genetics, making it one of the more reliable mainstream hatchery sources for genuine heritage White Rock stock. Heritage breed specialty hatcheries and breeders active in the Plymouth Rock Fanciers Club community maintain exhibition and heritage dual-purpose strains selected for correct type and balanced performance rather than for commercial production metrics.

The Livestock Conservancy's Heritage Breed Finder and breeder directory are the most reliable resources for identifying breeders maintaining the heritage dual-purpose White Rock with verified strain history and performance documentation. Asking specifically about the strain history and whether the source selects for heritage dual-purpose performance rather than commercial parent line characteristics is the most direct way to confirm sourcing appropriateness before purchase.

Pros and Cons

Pros

• One of the most complete dual-purpose heritage breeds in the American class; genuine egg production and genuine table bird utility from the same bird

• Early lay onset at approximately 5 months; among the earlier-maturing large heritage dual-purpose breeds

• Consistent production of 200 to 280 large brown eggs per year from heritage dual-purpose strains

• Exceptional cold hardiness from dense undercoat and substantial body mass; handles hard northern winters with standard management

• White plumage absorbs less solar heat than dark-feathered large breeds; modest summer thermal management advantage

• White feathering produces a clean-dressing carcass with no dark pin feathers; yellow skin is associated with premium heritage table bird presentation

• Exceptionally calm, friendly, and beginner-suitable temperament; one of the most manageable large heritage breeds

• Historically foundational American breed with a documented role in the development of modern commercial poultry production

• Widely available from mainstream hatcheries; no specialty sourcing required for general heritage stock

• Long productive lifespan of 6 to 10 years from heritage dual-purpose strains

Cons

• Single comb requires frostbite monitoring in hard winters; more cold-comb management than pea-combed or rose-combed breeds

• Commercial broiler parent line strains and heritage dual-purpose strains share the breed name; sourcing research required to ensure genuine heritage dual-purpose performance

• Roost bar height management required for a heavy breed to prevent bumblefoot and joint injury from high-impact landings

• Broodiness occasional and variable; not reliable as a natural hatching breed for planned propagation programs

• Commercial strain genetics may express differently than heritage strain expectations on the homestead; misleading if expected to perform as heritage dual-purpose without verified heritage sourcing

Profitability

The White Rock's profitability is built on the full dual-purpose homestead model: premium heritage egg revenue from brown egg production at heritage breed volumes, premium heritage table bird revenue from surplus roosters and processed hens, and the feed efficiency and foraging economy of a self-sufficient ranging heritage breed.

In direct-sale egg markets, large brown eggs from a documented heritage dual-purpose breed with the White Rock's historical credentials and provenance story support premium pricing over commodity eggs. The breed's production volume of 200 to 280 eggs per year from heritage strains delivers meaningful revenue at that premium without the volume limitation of less productive heritage breeds.

The table bird revenue from White Rock roosters is particularly strong given the breed's combination of rapid early growth from heritage genetics, well-developed breast muscle, yellow skin presentation, and white feathering that makes dressing straightforward. Heritage table birds marketed directly to buyers who seek alternatives to commercial production command premium pricing that rewards the longer production timeline of a heritage breed relative to an 8-week Cornish Cross.

Heritage White Rock breeding stock commands consistent demand from the community of keepers working to maintain and recover the heritage dual-purpose strain, and breeders who can document verified heritage strain lineage and balanced dual-purpose performance provide a premium product to this market.

Comparison With Related Breeds

Barred Plymouth Rock: The closest comparison within the Plymouth Rock family and the breed from which the White Rock arose as a recessive white sport. The Barred Plymouth Rock shares identical temperament, production profile, body type, and dual-purpose utility with the White Rock. The differences are entirely in plumage: the Barred Rock's iconic black-and-white barred pattern versus the White Rock's pure white. Both are among the most complete dual-purpose heritage breeds in the American class. Choice between them is primarily aesthetic and secondarily practical: the White Rock's white feathering produces a cleaner-dressing carcass with no dark pin feathers, while the Barred Rock's more visually distinctive plumage may be preferred in exhibition contexts and mixed flock aesthetics.

Black Australorp: The most commonly compared alternative for a calm, productive, large-bodied heritage dual-purpose breed. The Black Australorp lays 250 to 300 large brown eggs per year, somewhat more than most White Rock heritage strains, in a similarly calm and beginner-friendly bird. The White Rock surpasses the Australorp as a meat bird given the Plymouth Rock heritage of broader breast development, and the White Rock's white plumage has practical carcass dressing advantages over the Australorp's dark plumage. Both are strong heritage homestead choices; the Australorp edges the White Rock on egg volume, the White Rock edges the Australorp on meat quality and carcass presentation.

Black Jersey Giant: The large-body comparison for pure meat utility alongside egg production. The Jersey Giant reaches 13 pounds at full maturity compared to the White Rock's 9.5, producing a more dramatic single-bird meat yield, but takes 8 to 9 months to reach that size versus the White Rock's earlier maturity. The White Rock begins laying at 5 months and lays more eggs per year than the Jersey Giant. For homesteads that want the best balance of egg production and usable meat from a single breed without waiting 9 months for table birds, the White Rock is the more balanced dual-purpose choice.

Cornish Cross: The commercial comparison that most directly illuminates what the White Rock is and is not in commercial contexts. The Cornish Cross, whose female parent line is a commercial White Rock strain, reaches processing weight in 8 weeks at 4 to 6 pounds. The heritage White Rock reaches comparable weight in 16 to 20 weeks. The Cornish Cross is a single-purpose meat machine with no laying utility; the heritage White Rock is a productive heritage layer that also produces a worthwhile heritage table bird. The comparison is not a competition but a clarification: the heritage White Rock is not trying to be a Cornish Cross, and evaluating it against Cornish Cross economics misses the entirely different value proposition of heritage dual-purpose production.

Final Verdict

The White Rock is a breed that carries more history than almost any other entry in this directory, a genuine dual-purpose homestead bird whose genetics are also embedded in the most commercially consequential poultry cross ever developed. For the homestead keeper this duality requires one specific practical action: sourcing deliberately from heritage dual-purpose strains rather than commercial parent line strains, which is a researchable and solvable problem rather than an insurmountable obstacle. The White Rock that comes from a heritage program maintained for balanced performance rather than broiler industry optimization is one of the most complete homestead birds available in the American class: a large, clean-dressing, yellow-skinned table bird that also lays 200 to 280 large brown eggs per year, begins laying at 5 months, handles northern winters with its dense undercoat, forages efficiently on range, and maintains the calm, curious, beginner-welcoming temperament that the Plymouth Rock family has been delivering to American farm keepers since 1869. The dual purpose and homestead category is exactly the right home for it.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the difference between the White Rock and the Barred Plymouth Rock? The White Rock and the Barred Plymouth Rock are color varieties of the same breed, the Plymouth Rock. Every practical characteristic including temperament, body size, production volume, dual-purpose utility, cold hardiness, and management requirements is identical between them. The White Rock arose from white-feathered sports that appeared in Barred Plymouth Rock flocks in Maine in the 1870s and was admitted to the APA Standard of Perfection in 1888. The only difference between the two varieties is plumage: the Barred Rock carries the iconic black-and-white barred pattern while the White Rock is pure white.

Why does sourcing matter so much for the White Rock specifically? The White Rock exists in two significantly different strain types: heritage dual-purpose strains maintained for balanced egg production, meat quality, foraging efficiency, and longevity, and commercial broiler female parent line strains selected for rapid breast development and feed-to-weight conversion efficiency in the industrial broiler industry. Both strains are called White Rock and look identical as adults. Heritage strains perform as described throughout this post; commercial parent line strains may show different production longevity, foraging character, and balanced dual-purpose utility on the homestead. Sourcing from hatcheries that document their strain's heritage dual-purpose focus rather than commercial parent line genetics ensures genuine heritage performance.

When did the White Rock become the basis of the commercial broiler industry? Henry Saglio of Arbor Acres Farm won the 1948 Chicken of Tomorrow national meat bird development contest with a pure line of White Plymouth Rocks selected for muscular breast development and rapid growth. His White Rock genetics were subsequently crossed with White Cornish cock genetics to produce the hybrid that became the foundation of modern commercial broiler production. Today, crosses of suitable strains of White Plymouth Rock with industrial Cornish strains constitute the principal stock of American broiler production.

Are White Rock hens good mothers? Occasionally. Broodiness in the White Rock is variable, with some hens going broody and proving attentive, protective mothers, and others rarely or never committing to incubation. The breed is more broody than most production hybrids and Mediterranean layers but less reliably broody than strongly broody breeds like the Silkie, Orpington, or Wyandotte. Keepers who specifically need a reliable natural broody hen for planned hatching should use a dedicated broody breed rather than depending on White Rock hens for this function.

How does the White Rock's meat compare to Cornish Cross? The heritage White Rock produces a heritage table bird that experienced cooks consistently describe as superior in flavor, texture, and eating experience to the commercial Cornish Cross, which is bred for growth rate and yield efficiency rather than meat quality. The heritage White Rock takes longer to reach processing weight, costs more in feed over the production timeline, and requires more planning than an 8-week Cornish Cross. What it produces in return is a flavorful, well-textured, yellow-skinned heritage bird with broad breast development and a carcass presentation that reflects 150 years of selection for genuine table quality rather than commercial processing efficiency.

Where can I buy heritage dual-purpose White Rock chicks? Cackle Hatchery has maintained a White Plymouth Rock bloodline since 1937 with documented heritage dual-purpose focus. The Plymouth Rock Fanciers Club and the Livestock Conservancy's Heritage Breed Finder provide resources for identifying breeders maintaining verified heritage dual-purpose strains. When purchasing from any source, ask specifically about the strain's history and whether it is maintained for heritage dual-purpose performance or for commercial parent line characteristics.

Related Breeds

• Barred Plymouth Rock

• Black Australorp

• Black Jersey Giant

• Buff Orpington

• New Hampshire Red

• Delaware